Abstract Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a major threat to the global swine industry and causes tremendous economic losses.Its causative agent, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), primarily infects immune cells, such as porcine alveolar macrophages and dendritic cells.PRRSV infection results in immun
Regulatory T (Treg) cells maintain immune homeostasis by suppressing excessive immune responses.Treg cells induce tolerance against self- and foreign antigens, thus preventing autoimmunity, allergy, graft rejection, and fetus rejection during pregnancy.However, Treg cells also infiltrate into tumors and inhibit antitumor immune responses, thus inhi
In this paper we consider a class short stem pipet of nonlinear dynamical systems with fractional damping.The problem is transformed into a system of fractional-order differential equations.A computationally effective fractional predictor-corrector method is used to simulate and examine the effects and solution behavior of the nonlinear dynamical s
Olli Viitanen,1 Olli Arjamaa21Department of Ophthalmology, University Central Hospital of Turku, Turku, Finland; 2Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, FinlandPurpose: The aim of the study was to approximate the occurrence of all forms of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) of the retina among the copyright holders aged 80 or more,